Aristocracy

The best city is ruled by those who know the Good; philosopher-kings are the aristocratic ideal fulfilled.

Aristocracy is rule by the virtuous few for the common good; oligarchy is its perversion, where wealth replaces virtue.

The best regime is mixed, combining monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy so that virtue governs and all have a stake.

The nobles want to dominate and the people want not to be dominated; every republic must manage this conflict or perish.

Aristocratic republics survive through moderation; the nobles must restrain themselves or destroy the state.

Elective aristocracy is the best form of government; it places administration in the hands of the wisest few, chosen by the sovereign people.

Representation filters popular will through a natural aristocracy of talent and character, refining public opinion without betraying popular sovereignty.

Aristocracy is passing from the world; democracy's triumph is providential, but it brings losses that must be honestly reckoned.

Hereditary aristocracy is indefensible, but representative government must still solve the problem of competence.