1. Plato, Book VIII; Statesman;
2. Aristotle, Books III–VI
3. Aquinas, I–II, Q. 105; De Regimine Principum
4. Hobbes, , Part II
5. Locke,
6. Montesquieu, , Books II–VIII
7. Rousseau,
8. Hamilton, Madison, Jay, , Nos. 10, 39, 47–51
9. Tocqueville,
10. Mill, ;
11. Marx, ; Critique of the Gotha Program