1. Plato, Book VI (the Sun); (the Demiurge)
2. Aristotle, Book XII
3. Augustine, Books VII, X–XIII;
4. Anselm, , Chapters 2–4
5. Aquinas, I, Questions 2–11 (the Five Ways, divine attributes)
6. Descartes, , III, V
7. Hume,
8. Kant, (Transcendental Dialectic);
9. Hegel, ; (Religion)
10. Kierkegaard, ;
11. Nietzsche, , §§108, 125, 343; (Prologue)
12. William James, ;